Landauer's Aufruf zum Sozialismus (1911) reframes socialism not as state apparatus but as a revival of communal forms — a position deeply marked by Meister Eckhart and the Jewish mystical tradition transmitted through his friendship with Buber.

Murdered in Munich in May 1919 after the fall of the Bavarian Soviet Republic, his work was carried into exile and republished in annotated editions through the 1930s.